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How test answers the audio boom
 
An exclusive interview with a technical leader
taken from Test Measurement World

Q: Which of your instruments do you target for the high-performance market, such as sophisticated home audio speakers?

A. For those kinds of products, we still have our AP 2700 family of two-channel analyzers, which are still regarded as the gold standard in the industry. For example, Dolby specifically states that you must do their compliance testing using an AP 2722 analyzer. Here, engineers are looking for measurements with the utmost in integrity. This product also offers incredible versatility in the R&D environment. There are very few audio measurements that you can't do with this family of analyzers.

Q: What are some of the cutting-edge systems that you've seen at this year's audio shows?

A: One that was very impressive at the National Association of Broadcasters Expo was NHK's "Super High Resolution HDTV." It features 24-channel sound and would be targeted to large venues, such as museums. Though you certainly wouldn't expect such systems to be used in home theater, we always look at these futuristic products to see if they could be leading indicators for new trends in the industry.

The take-away from the NHK system was not only the clear demonstration of the power of multichannel but the fact that the sound was in three dimensions—not just your classic left, right, rear. It was left, right, rear, both up and down, plus a speaker directly overhead for good measure. This was all coupled with a super high-resolution projection system.

Q: What kinds of feedback did you get from engineers at such shows as NAB Expo and AES Paris on their most important audio test needs?

A: Engineers still need to measure all the same types of parameters that they've measured in the past. The bigger concern is how to deal with the logistics issues, noted earlier, such as how to get good, dependable production tests at contract manufacturing facilities located halfway around the world from the R&D site for a product. So, the ability to communicate is a challenge.

As a result, engineers want measurement techniques that are easy to implement. They also need to write clear, unambiguous specs for their tests. Also, we are seeing more and more instances of test engineers at R&D sites who are being called on to remotely control production tests. The Internet, of course, makes it a lot easier to transfer large data files around the world.

Q: What are some of the steps you are taking to bolster your application support?

A: Engineers want more and more application support, and they are looking for complete solutions. This is especially true of engineers who don't have decades of experience in audio test. They find themselves in positions where they must quickly progress up the learning curve. So, we've developed a new "Quick Test" for play-back only audio devices. And for more sophisticated engineers, we've developed a series of macros for the AP 2700 to help them meet Dolby Digital 5.1 DVD certification. In general, we are relying more on our Web site to support our products and our customers. For example, we have an ever-expanding library of white papers and tech notes.

Q. What are some of the key topics that you're covering in your recent "New Measurement Techniques" customer seminars?

A: Over the last few months, we've met with more than 1000 engineers. A lot of this training deals with revisiting fundamentals, such as analog signal connections. Again, we are often dealing with engineers who have not had sophisticated training in audio, so we need to explain and demonstrate such things as the difference between a balanced and an unbalanced signal.

In terms of new measurement techniques, a good example is our training on continuous sweep methods, a variant of the logarithmic chirp. Here, the test signal is a continuously changing frequency sine wave, but it is doing so in a logarithmic fashion. We've included this continuous sweep technique with our new APx585 analyzer. Not only do we get the benefit of speed from testing multiple channels simultaneously, but the continuous sweep technique drives a whole bank of measurements from a 1-s chirp. In the end, you get a wealth of data.

Q: Looking ahead, what do you see as some of the fastest-growing audio test applications? It seems like we've entered a golden age for audio.

A: Yes, the consumer is certainly going to benefit from all of the innovation that is going on. From our viewpoint as a maker of test devices, not all of these markets hold a lot of growth potential.

For example, in some low-cost audio products, some manufacturers want to minimize testing time—or want to avoid tests altogether. That's like spinning the roulette wheel. But there are other manufacturers out there who remain totally dedicated to 100% testing.

We see several solid growth markets for the future. Besides multichannel applications, such as home-entertainment systems and automotive, we see a great deal of potential in audio testing for cell phones and the microphone transducers embedded within them. Another really interesting area is the tremendous growth of class D or switch-mode amplification versus traditional class A linear amplifiers, especially in portable devices like MP3 players and other personal sound devices. And who knows what else is just around the corner?

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Bruce Hofer
Chairman and Co-founder
Audio Precision
Beaverton, OR

Bruce Hofer co-founded Audio Precision in 1984 with a group of audio engineers from the labs of Tektronix. In addition to serving as board chair, Hofer remains technically active as the company's principal analog design engineer. He has received 12 patents and has written many articles and papers, and in 1995 he received the Fellowship Award from the International Audio Engineering Society (AES). Hofer earned his BSEE degree from Oregon State University in 1970.

Contributing editor Larry Maloney spoke with Hofer about trends in the audio test market in a recent telephone interview.